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Passive Fiber Optics Mode Info

 

In general, the intensity profile of light propagating in a fiber changes during propagation. It often even evolves in a rather complicated way. As an example, see what happens if we inject a Gaussian beam, which is tilted by 20° against the beam axis, into a fiber with 20 μm core radius and an NA of 0.3:

Figure 1: Evolution of the intensity in a multimode fiber. A Gaussian beam with an angle of 20° against the beam axis is injected into the fiber.

Figure 1: Evolution of the intensity in a multimode fiber. A Gaussian beam with an angle of 20° against the beam axis is injected into the fiber.

 

(Note that here we show only intensity profiles, as the larger spatial region shown makes it difficult to show wavefronts.)

 

One clearly sees the interference effects occurring when the beam reaches the core/cladding interface and is reflected there. At the end, the transverse beam profile looks as shown in Figure 2:
 
Figure 2: Beam profile in the fiber after propagation over 100 μm.
 

Figure 2: Beam profile in the fiber after propagation over 100 μm.

 

We have seen the intensity profiles generally evolve in complicated ways. However, there are certain amplitude distributions where the intensity profile remains unchanged during propagation (assuming a lossless fiber). Such field distributions are called modes of the fiber. The simplest of these, the fundamental mode, also called LP01 mode, looks as follows for the fiber in the current example:

 

For purchasing more fiber optics’ information, please contact a Sopto representative by calling 86-755-36946668, or by sending an email to  info@sopto.com.

Figure 3: Intensity profile of the fundamental mode in a multimode fiber. The gray circle indicates the core/cladding boundary.

Figure 3: Intensity profile of the fundamental mode in a multimode fiber. The gray circle indicates the core/cladding boundary.

Here is a higher-order mode, the LP37 mode:

 

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