What Are the Functions of a Multiplexer?

A multiplexer (also called a data selector or mux) is a hardware device that accepts multiple inputs and allows only one to go through as an output. Some multiplexers perform both multiplexing and demultiplexing. Demultiplexing is the opposite of multiplexing, and involves the conversion of one input into multiple output channels. 

A multiplexer allows multiple users or applications to share a common physical medium by allocating bandwidth appropriately. Each user is assigned a particular portion of the bandwidth (or a time share), so that the transmission medium is more efficiently utilized. There are four types of multiplexing methods commonly employed, including space division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing and address multiplexing.

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Combines Input Signals

The primary function of a multiplexer is to combine various input signals, and generate a single output signal. For instance, a channel bank multiplexer (also called an access multiplexer) is a device that resides on a user premises. Is is programmed to combine multiple data and voice signals and generate one high-speed transmission channel. Access multiplexers are used by various applications and input devices, including high-speed, low-speed, synchronous and asynchronous devices/equipment.

Shares a Single Transmission Channel

A multiplexer allows multiple users or input signals to share a single transmission channel. This is done by signal switching, or allocating a particular interval of time to a single signal before shifting to the next signal/user. This reduces the number (and cost) of cabling and wires required to connect session. A session is a data link between any two devices, such as a computer with a terminal or a computer with a computer.

Allows Data Compression

A multiplexer offers data compression. Data compression is the technique in which the size of a packet of data or information is reduced. This is done by reducing the amount of space (or file volume) required to store data. Data transmission allows data to be transmitted quickly over a transmission channel. A time-division multiplexer, for instance, divides a packet of data into many smaller parts (or frames). These frames are allocated individual time slots, during which they utilize the transmission medium. According to "Information Technology: Principles and Applications", different multiplexed processes therefore transmit their relevant frames in their allocated time slots. Multiplexer data compression increases the capacity of transmission mediums, reduces redundancies and increases throughput.

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