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What is VLAN
VLAN is virtual local area network. Network architects set up VLANs to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers in LAN configurations. VLANs address issues such as scalability, security, and network management. Routers in VLAN topologies provide broadcast filtering, security, address summarization, and traffic-flow management.
By definition, switches may not bridge IP traffic between VLANs as it would violate the integrity of the VLAN broadcast domain. VLANs can also help create multiple layer 3 networks on the same layer 2 switch.
For example, if a DHCP server is plugged into a switch it will serve any host on that switch that is configured to get its IP from a DHCP server. By using VLANs you can easily split the network up so some hosts won’t use that DHCP server and will obtain link-local addresses, or obtain an address from a different DHCP server.
VLANs are layer 2 constructs, compared with IP subnets, which are layer 3 constructs. In an environment employing VLANs, a one-to-one relationship often exists between VLANs and IP subnets, although it is possible to have multiple subnets on one VLAN. VLANs and IP subnets provide independent Layer 2 and Layer 3 constructs that map to one another and this correspondence is useful during the network design process.
By using VLANs, one can control traffic patterns and react quickly to relocations. VLANs provide the flexibility to adapt to changes in network requirements and allow for simplified administration.